Hepatitis is a disease which causes inflammation of the liver, and sometimes death. Although there are 4 forms of hepatitis (A,B,C and D), this section will concentrate only on hepatitis A and B as these are the only forms which are sexually transmitted. Hepatitis A is caused by the virus of the same name. It is transmitted by fecal-oral contact. Hepatitis B is found in blood, saliva, fecal matter and urine.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A and B?

Hepatitis A frequently causes a generally ill feeling which includes aches and pains, nausea, and possible vomiting. The whites of the eyes may turn a yellowish color. Feces may turn pale and the urine may become dark. Hepatitis B has many similar symptoms, however patients may also experience a pain in the abdomen. The incubation period can range from 2 weeks to 6 months after the virus has entered the liver. Hepatitis is most contagious during this time, and therefore poses a significant dilemma for prevention.

How are hepatitis A and B contracted?

Hepatitis A is transmitted in feces, contaminated food and water or through oral-fecal contact. Hepatitis B is contained in blood, feces, saliva and urine. Any sexual practice which involves the use of feces or urine puts one a risk of getting hepatitis A or B. Hepatitis B, however, is especially contagious and can be transmitted through sexual and intimate contact, kissing, sharing a toothbrush and through needles.

How are hepatitis A and B treated?

Hepatitis A typically heals spontaneously without complications. While there is no medical treatment for Hepatitis B, there is an effective vaccination; one of the only STDs that has one. You can greatly reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis by using a latex condom for anal intercourse and dental dams for any oral-anal contact. Hepatitis is a serious condition; be sure to contact your physician as soon as the problem develops.