Genital warts are small lumps which have an irregular cauliflower-like surface. The colour and shape vary depending on their location. Sometimes the warts cause irritation and itching.

What are the symptoms of genital warts?

Genital warts are relatively easy to detect; they are small lumps which appear on the genital area. The vulva and the perineum (area between the vaginal opening and the anus) are the areas most affected in women. They also appear on the vagina, cervix and anus. In men, the warts most often appear on the glans, foreskin and urethral opening. They may also appear on the shaft of the penis, scrotum and anus. (Note: sometimes men have shiny spots called "pearly papules" on the glans which are normal and should not be confused with warts.) Many people may have the virus that causes genital warts but show no symptoms.

How are genital warts contracted?

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a virus similar to the one which causes warts elsewhere is what causes genital warts. Intimate contact of moist surfaces is ideal for the transmission of genital warts which are extremely contagious. About two-thirds of regular partners of someone who has warts will obtain the warts themselves. There does not have to be any physical manifestation of the virus for it to be transmitted. People with weak immune systems will have more widespread infections. The virus is also easily transmitted when the skin or mucous membrane is already injured.

How are genital warts treated?

The treatment for genital warts is designed to reduce the spread of the warts in the infected person and to possible partners. Treatment can be an arduous process because the warts have a tendency to reappear. Warts which are invisible but detected by a Pap test are usually only treated if the woman has multiple partners.

There are several treatments your doctor may recommend/use to remove genital warts which include:

1. Small warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen or burnt with trichloroacetic acid.
2. Podophyllin (not used on internal warts as it may be toxic.)
3. Condyline is a purified solution of podophyllin meant for home use.
4. Efudex cream is used for warts in the urethra and the vagina.
5. Multiple warts are often treated by destroying the tissue either by freezing or burning.

Please consult your doctor regarding the treatment that is right for you.