In earlier pages I pointed out the simple mechanics of motion, hinted at certain conclusions and left it to the reader to perceive the likely impact on our world or to critique my suggestions. In this section it is my intention to move step by step and point out exactly what my conclusions are.
The attributes of the components of atoms - Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons are quite evident in the real world - "Our world" A number of experiments have been mentioned and we have a fairly good idea of how most materials will behave.
However there are many so called anomalies that appear in various experiments. One experiment that involves the flow of electricity - electrons in a near vacuum indicates that the electrons separate from the nucleus and form a "plasma" where they move quite freely and with little resistance.
"Our world" and the near vacuum of deep space represent two very different environments and one or the other indicates serious anomalies in the apparent properties of matter. We have several options. We can try to identify properties by observation of the results of many experiments in "our world"and treat the results of the experiments in a vacuum as anomalies that indicate a flexibility of the laws of nature. Or, we can identify properties from experiments in a near vacuum and treat some of the inconsistencies that will be apparent in the real world as anomalies. We may also proceed to identify results of experiments as isolated facts and not make any attempt to rationalize unexpected anomalies. It is clear what the choice has been. It is not unexpected and hardly unreasonable to treat the information derived from experiments in our world as the basis for defining properties of matter.
Just as in mathematics we must search for a common denominator if we are to relate and anticipate results in experiments. We can speculate but in "our world" there are so many unseen and unanticipated influences that it is extremely difficult to reach firm conclusions. We can speculate about the possibility of attraction and repulsion but the argument will be inconclusive and the strength of the forces impossible to measure. In the context of a near vacuum there are far weaker external influences and a clearer picture is apparent.
If attraction and repulsion are indeed prime attributes we should expect that in addition to being opposite they must also be equal. If the properties are equal one would expect that the atoms could quite easily be induced to form a plasma. We are left with the problem of how to explain what we observe in "our world".
Our world is characterized by significant pressure from atmosphere, liquids and solids. If we continue with our prime attributes of matter as attraction and repulsion and remember our rule concerning the decease in strength of forces over distance we can see that much of the repulsion force of the electron will be dissipated externally and the attraction of the nucleus will be great enough to hold the electron in orbit. And that is how we find it in our world.
An understanding of the implications of the electron held in an orbit around the nucleus is the key to understanding "our world" What should we expect? The rule for the conservation of energy will dictate that as the electron is pulled closer to the nucleus the rate of orbit will increase. Also since the electron is influenced by all other electrons the orbit will not be a perfect circle but will assume various degrees of ellipses. A body moving in an elliptical orbit will be constantly changing velocity. It will either be dissipating or accumulating potential energy which will be transmitted to surrounding electrons as radiant energy. Since the repulsion of an electron will permit it to transmit its condition to surrounding electrons their orbits will tend toward synchronization with the radiant energy presented as a front or wave.
All radiant energy is electro ( not magnetic). There are obviously many ways that an electro force can be created, synchronized and radiated, heat, light, radio, laser, etc. Other forces such as impact or penetration of neutrons or protons are not radiant energy but will produce radiant energy by disruption of electron orbits.
The importance of radiant energy was first apparent to the cave man's ancestors as they warmed themselves in the sunlight and later when they felt a similar benefit as they sat by a camp fire. Although less immediate and less apparent he soon realized that he could rely on inertia. Being more attuned to basic mechanics than his decendents who tried to analyze everything in philosophical terms he probably assumed that the earth rotated on it's axis and he could count on the repetition of the sun's angle in the sky and the regular seasons. That repetition of seasons is the result of the enormous stability of a rotating or orbiting body.
In our world the electron is assumed to orbit the nucleus of an atom. Just as the orbits of the planets are the result of the interaction of two forces, the rule of inertia that an object will continue in a straight line unless affected by an outside force, and gravity that pulls the objects together, the electron is held in orbit by the attraction of the nucleus. The stability of an orbiting object is best exemplified by a gyroscope which is used to compare stability. In addition to the electron's ability to radiate energy it can perform many useful purposes by moving along a conductor. How will it move? Does it move in a line as a fluid in a pipe? Remember the electrons are orbiting the nuclei of the atoms in very stable plains. How much force is required to change that plain of orbit to move into a plain of orbit on an adjacent nucleus. I don't think I must go into a lot of detail before you realize from where all the properties of electricity arise. Conductivity, resistance, semi-conductivity,- semi-conductivity !!!??? Wasn't that a crystal as in "crystal set" that was discovered over a hundred years ago? Who was it that made that discovery??? No need to lament the stubbornness of scientists who refused to acknowledge the discovery and it's significance. They are still doing it.
This has been much to digest, to critique and to ponder where it leads. It might be useful to repeat, clarify and summarize.
As previously indicated we have acknowledged that electrons do not move linearly in a conductor on this planet but if the plains of orbit of adjacent atoms are aligned they can be induced to jump from atom to atom by a very slight push. We have also concluded that the property of repulsion inherent in the electron permits it to do the pushing. We have pointed out that certain materials are conducive to that flow and others - crystals - have properties to allow super conductivity, super resistance or by specific design of contact surfaces to control electron flow. The control properties are in fact so specific that an electro pressure can be applied in one direction without a flow of electrons and by that pressure inhibit or prevent the flow in a direction that would otherwise occur.
It should now be clear what it is that is so important to mankind but has been almost totally ignored by educators. "Inertia" guarantees the consistency of the day, the night, and the seasons, permits us to forecast when a certain comet will crash into the earth and permits the control of our electricity. The repulsion force of the electron permits the transmission (Radiation) of the elliptical distortions of the orbit of the electron to surrounding electrons. "Electro" energy transmission.
Your comments are most welcome at realscnc@mnsi.net